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Ancient Kingdom

Polonnaruwa - Sri Lanka's Medieval Capital

A sprawling archaeological park of royal palaces, stupas and giant rock-carved Buddha statues, set out among lakes and shady woodland — one of Sri Lanka's best-preserved ancient cities and an easy cycle around on two wheels.

Polonnaruwa served as Sri Lanka's capital from the 11th to 13th centuries, after Anuradhapura, and its ruins are remarkably intact — royal palace walls still stand several storeys high, and the carvings on its temples and shrines have kept their detail for close to a thousand years. The whole site is UNESCO-listed as the Ancient City of Polonnaruwa, and its flat, shaded layout makes it one of the most comfortable ancient cities in the country to explore.

We build Polonnaruwa in as a half-day or full-day stop on the cultural triangle route, best explored by bicycle in the cool of early morning, taking in the royal palace complex, the quadrangle of temples, and the monumental Gal Vihara Buddha statues carved directly into the rock.

Royal Palace of Parakramabahu
The ruined multi-storey palace of Polonnaruwa's most famous king, once one of the tallest buildings in the ancient world.
Gal Vihara
Four enormous Buddha statues carved from a single granite rock face — among the finest examples of ancient Sinhalese sculpture.
The Quadrangle
A compact cluster of the site's finest shrines and stupas, including the circular Vatadage, all within a single walled terrace.
Parakrama Samudra
A vast man-made reservoir built by King Parakramabahu I, still irrigating the surrounding paddy fields today.
Cycle the ruins
Flat, shaded paths link the whole complex, making bike hire the classic — and coolest — way to see the site.
UNESCO World Heritage Capital 11th–13th century Half-day to full-day to explore Best explored by bike